Drying increases organic colloidal mobilization in the karst vadose zone: Evidence from a 15-year cave-monitoring study     

Jin Liao  Chaoyong Hu  Xiuli Li  Jiaoyang Ruan 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14163

Understanding the hydrological processes of colloids within the karst vadose zone is vital to the security of karst groundwater and providing appropriate paleohydrological explanations of colloid-facilitated metals in speleothem. This study addresses the mobilization mechanisms driving colloidal organic matter (COM) transport in the karst vadose zone using a 15-year long monthly monitoring dataset from a cave drip point (HS4) in Heshang Cave, Qingjiang Valley, China. Variations in COM concentrations were reported as the fluorescence difference values of raw and filtered (<0.22 μm) samples at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm and emission wavelength of ~400 nm. A fluorescence humification index (HIX) lower than 0.8 and an autochthonous index (BIX) higher than 1.2 indicated that the origin of COM was mainly from the karst vadose zone, rather than the soil zone. The COM concentration varied from 0.001 to 0.038 Raman Unit (RU), with evident seasonal fluctuations. Rising limbs for COM values occurred prior to rising limbs within a dripwater hydrograph; moreover, the COM peak values corresponding to the beginning of the increasing hydrograph generally suggested that the mobilization of COM reflected the movement of the air–water interface (AWI) in the karst vadose zone rather than rainfall intensity or flow velocity. COM peak values were positively correlated with the antecedent drying duration and negatively correlated with HIX values. These phenomena may be explained by the increased amount of organic matter that was aggregated and absorbed on the surface of carbonate in the karst vadose zone during a longer drying duration. Moreover, the longer drying duration was also beneficial to autochthonous biological activity, which subsequently decreased the HIX value of the organic matter in the karst vadose zone. The movement of AWI and the drying duration are both controlled by the outside weather conditions. This study is therefore conducive to evaluating the security of karst groundwater in response to climate change, and challenges prevailing paleoclimate interpretations of colloid-facilitated metal abundance timeseries reported from speleothems.  相似文献   

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016     

Chao Gao  Tian Ruan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(6):998-1008

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.  相似文献   

An insight into the surface velocity of Inylchek Glacier and its effect on Lake Merzbacher during 2006–2016 with Landsat time-series imagery     

Shiyong Yan  Yi Li  Zhiguo Li  Guang Liu  Zhixing Ruan  Zian Li 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(23):773

Mountain glacier is one of the extremely sensitive indicators for climate change, and its surface motion distribution and corresponding variation are valuable information for understanding ice mass exchange and glacier dynamics. This paper presents the long-term ice velocity distributions of Inylchek Glacier in the Tianshan region by pixel-tracking algorithm with time-series Landsat imagery acquired during 2006–2016. Then the monitored ice motion fields of Inylchek Glacier were carefully analyzed and revealed a generally similar spatial distribution characteristic. Most of the ice of the North Inylchek Glacier remains in a stagnant state except for the upstream part, but a relatively high velocity of 20–40 cm/day with an RMSE of 3 cm/day was observed on most part of the South Inylchek Glacier, except for the slow-moving glacier terminus. We also state the glacier dynamics around Lake Merzbacher and their possible effect on its glacier lake outburst flood (GLOF) risk. Besides, the surface velocity distribution on South Inylchek Glacier surface during the ablation period from 2014 to 2016 was also established and also compared with annual velocity. The corresponding difference yields that there is a positive relation between ice motion and temperature variation. Therefore, the time-series ice surface motion yielded by the Landsat imagery thus could provide us an efficient and low-cost way to analyze the current state and changes in glaciers, thanks to the continuous and regular spaceborne observations provided by the Landsat satellites.  相似文献   

A New Generation Earth Mantle Model from Global Adjoint Tomography     

Youyi Ruan  Wenjie Lei  Matthieu Lefebvre  Ryan Modrak  James Smith  Ridvan Orsvuran  Ebru Bozdag  Judith Hill  Norbert Podhorszki  Dave Pugmire  Jeroen Tromp 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(Z1):140-140

  相似文献   

无背索斜拉桥主塔受力及抗震性能分析          下载免费PDF全文

荀敬川  刘吉诚  彭晶蓉  李源 《地震工程学报》2019,41(5):1133-1140

为探讨主塔横梁对无背索斜拉桥结构的静动力特性影响,以某无背索斜拉桥为原型,采用三维静\,动力有限元计算方法,分析了实心横梁、大空心横梁、小空心横梁与无横梁四种主塔横梁方案的静、动力结构特性。静力计算结果表明:在最不利荷载作用下,四种对比方案中,实心横梁的拉索应力接近安全系数临界值;横梁重量越大,主梁挠度及主塔顺桥向变形值越小,且未设置横梁的方案在长期荷载作用下产生主跨侧的收缩徐变变形值。动力计算结果表明:大空心横梁方案结构横桥向刚度最大塔底轴力最大、横桥向弯矩值最大;无横梁时横桥向剪力最大,且无横梁方案使得主塔刚度较小,阵型易出现主塔横向失稳。综合考虑结构静、动力特性与施工便利性和后期维护,建议该结构采用实心主塔横梁。  相似文献   

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in slow collisions of isocharged sequence ions with neon     

卢荣春  于得洋  邵曹杰  阮芳芳  蔡晓红 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(11)

Influence of core property on multi-electron process in the collisions of q=6-9 and 11 isocharged sequence ions with Ne is investigated in the keV/u region. The cross-section ratios of double-, triple-, quadruple- and total multi-electron processes to the single electron capture process as well as the partial ratios of different reaction channels to the relevant multi-electron process are measured by using position-sensitive and time-of-flight techniques. The experimental data are compared with the theoretical predictions including the extended classical over-barrier model, the molecular Columbic barrier model and the semi-empirical scaling law. Results show a core effect on multi-electron process of isocharge ions colliding with Neon, which is consistent with the results of Helium we obtained previously.  相似文献   

用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙锋  杜方  阮祥  邓远清  张铁宝 《中国地震》2010,26(2)

为研究自贡地区矿井注水与地震活动性之间的关系,按地震活动规律将注水区ML1.2以上历史地震活动划分为3个阶段,采用POWELL法反演了各阶段ETAS模型参数。结果表明,不存在注水的第1、2阶段背景地震比例约40%～50%,单个地震序列中余震较少。而在注水的第3阶段,由地震自激产生的余震比例较高(93.1%),而背景地震仅占6.9%,比第1、2阶段都要少,这一结果与已有的认识相矛盾。为此,提出单位时间背景地震的发生率,即ETAS模型参数中的μ值,作为判断注水触发地震的依据。计算结果表明,与前两个阶段相比,第3阶段的确拥有最大的μ值,说明注水对该区地震触发有明显影响。  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震前龙门山断裂带的地震活动性和构造应力场特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张致伟  程万正  阮祥  吴朋 《地震学报》2009,31(2):117-127

研究了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前龙门山断裂带及其附近地区的地震活动.利用区域地震台网和流动测震台的数字地震波资料,测定了震源机制解.结果表明,震中所在的龙门山断裂带震前地震活动平稳,未出现显著异常增强或平静现象.根据汶川8.0级地震前地震活动求出的震源机制解,其主压应力P轴方位为WNE——ESE向,震源断层面呈NE向与NW 向两组节面走向.其中NE向节面呈N50deg;——70deg;E,断面倾角均陡,达60deg;——70deg;,震源力学作用方式多呈逆倾型,少部分呈走滑型．震前地震活动呈现的主压应力方位、震源断面走向及其错动类型,与汶川8.0级地震给出的解是一致的.巨大地震发生前沿龙门山断裂带微破裂呈现的平均应力场与主震一致．起始破裂区东侧20km内是紫坪铺水库水域区,这一区域发生小震活动增加的现象处于水库放水的卸载阶段.本文研究了汶川8.0级地震起始破裂区附近的小震活动,其震源参数表明,震源位于8.0级地震之上的5——14km深度,其震源参数与8.0级地震给出的解也是一致的．   相似文献   

沉积盆地、结晶基底和油、气成因理念与第二深度空间勘探和开发   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

滕吉文  阮小敏  张永谦  闫雅芬 《地球物理学报》2009,52(11):2798-2817

在石油、天然气的勘探和开发研究中,涉及到深部空间的介质、结构和属性,在沉积建造上涉及到陆相沉积、海相沉积和火山岩相,在油、气成因理论上涉及到有机成因和无机成因,在机制上涉及到深部流体的分异、调整、运移和动力作用.这些本质性问题的研究和探讨是人们十分关注的科学领域.基于油、气生、储和形成的理论、应用和成效的研究提出,有几个基础性的理念问题必须重新认识,特别是沉积建造与古老变质岩结晶基底;双相（海相和陆相）沉积建造与盆地的内涵和双基（有机和无机）混合油、气成因理念.清晰地厘定这些认识不仅有益于对油、气形成、聚集和勘探及开发给出一个更为科学的深部空间,即第二深度空间（5000~10000 m）的油、气勘探,而更为重要的是基于对这些理念的重新认识和深化研究可构建新的思路或理论,且在新的理念导向下,强化油、气深部勘探,以期能在理论研究和实践应用中取得新的成效,发现大型与超大型油、气田.  相似文献   

风廓线雷达测风精度评估   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

邓闯  阮征  魏鸣  葛润生 《应用气象学报》2012,23(5):523-533

采用风廓线雷达5波束探测模式的数据对测风精度进行评估分析,用垂直波束和其中两个相邻倾斜波束的探测数据构成一对计算因子,通过对同一距离高度上的4对计算因子进行误差分析,评估风廓线雷达的测风精度,得到水平风在垂直指向连续高度上的精度。对北京延庆CFL-08风廓线雷达2010年3,6,9,12月4个典型代表月份逐日连续探测资料进行了处理分析,结果表明:该雷达满足风速误差不大于1.5 m·s-1、风向误差不大于10°探测精度要求的最大探测高度6月、9月为8 km,3月、12月为6 km,基本符合该雷达探测高度的设计要求。信噪比、大气风场的不均匀性是影响雷达测风精度的主要因素:信噪比影响了高空的测风精度,-15 dB可以作为判断雷达测风可信数据最大探测高度的阈值;晴空大气出现的风场不均匀性对风廓线雷达的测风精度影响不大,降水出现时环境风场不均匀性造成水平风向、风速的测量误差较大,不能满足测风精度要求,特别是对流性降水发生前的1~2 h,水平风向、风速的方差增长迅速,可以作为强降水出现的预警指标。  相似文献